The International Monetary Fund (IMF) to indicate that nearly $ 1 trillion, from criminal activities, circulating daily in the financial markets.
The UN, moreover, suggests a world market for illicit drugs more than the entire oil industry, moving a year more than $ 400 billion dollars.
This high volume of financial resources generated by organized crime to be hidden, disguised and integrated into economic activity permitted.
New Forms of Organized Crime
It is possible to state that the mafias no longer a matter of police to become a financial and geopolitical issue of first magnitude A clandestine world buzzing, not subjected to any kind of law or democratic rules, employs hundreds of thousands of people.
The 'business' includes trade in drugs, weapons (possibly even nuclear), sophisticated technologies obtained through industrial espionage or secret purchase of slaves and white children, human organs used in transplants, transport, passports and visas for falsified entries for illegal immigrants, in addition to practice 'traditional' authorities and of bribery of politicians, extortion, exploitation of prostitution and child and adult control of cities or entire regions based on force and terror imposed by well-armed gangs and organized according to a paramilitary structure.
Another important factor to be considered is the transnational criminal organizations tripled the area of cultivation of coca in Colombia, due to new agricultural techniques despite fumigation under sponsorship of the America.
Organized crime looked further, to try coca plantations in Georgia, on the island of Samoa and the Democratic Republic of Congo (former Zaire). But, still, washing the dirty money in big on shore, as Miami and New York.
The model is increasingly sprayed, characterized by the limited knowledge among its members, the time when the operators of the crime held off business. Ability to articulate world, which drew of new world order of organized crime after the fall of "empire" Soviet in the early 1990: The international organized crime, an imaginary threat to many in 1990, was already a global emergency in 1993.
The major unions of the East and the West gather services and personnel as soon colonizing Western Europe and the United States, increasing drug trafficking in half trillion dollars per year by washing and reinvested in legal ventures an amount estimated at a quarter of a trillion of dollars annually.
Much of the phenomenal growth originated from the fact that they had free access to a territory that covers half the continent of Europe and much of Asia - one sixth of the land mass- Afloat and essentially defenseless.
According to the Italian police released in Sicily in 2001, a survey done by the Russian general Vitor Cheborachev confirms: "eighty percent of the banking system of Moscow is in the hands of the Mafia Russian.
It happened that dismantle the structures the state has disappeared completely and entered a different structure (the Russian mafia) to replace it. The movement of cartels and mafias in the world, however, does not yet constitute a sort of world federation of organized crime.
Since 1980, the Cosa Nostra became a wide structure.
A direct way of achieving the mafia globalization has been the practice to introduce, clandestine, illegal immigrants in the core countries of Europe and the USA. This was the procedure, for example the Chinese Triads and the Yakuza.
The Triads smuggled eight thousand illegal immigrants in Italy in just two years, almost half of all the Chinese community in the country. (...) The tens of thousands of Chinese illegally entering the "head-of-serpent" of the triad were not only more profitable that the heroin, but also a practical necessity. Hong Kong, a showcase of Triads in the world for over a century, revert to communist China in 1997.
The Triads could return to land from where it had fled after the communist - in fact many were returned - but she would never be their homeland. More discreet, and operating in the economic level, the Japanese Yakuza "was investing heavily in all states of the European Union. Authorities of the Japanese police confirmed that she washed money everywhere, in every kind of institution financial and industry, legal or illegal - just as the Sicilian Mafia, they combined a visit to Italy.
Mafia groups that had a tradition of activities limited to their own regions began to join, probably in the late 80s, to extend its influence to the most remote regions of the planet. Included in that table the old Italian and American mafia, the Japanese Yakuza, the Triads based in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia, as well as the new Mafia groups in rapid expansion in West Africa and the newest Russian mafias (arising from the dismantling of the Soviet state).
These episodic business between mafias are indicating with certainty that these criminal organizations will be adjusting to the process of economic globalization, which main feature is the relatively free flow of capital with the support systems highly computerized.
In other words, the dimensions and forms of organization of crime in the contemporary world have nothing to do with what existed two or three decades. Compared with the current heads of the crime, Al Capone, for example, is a robber of backyard. It is estimated that Capone fortune of not more than $ 40 million, which is a lot of money, but nothing that is comparable to the billions currently moved by mafias.
While national states seek a solution through international strategic cooperation, which is more effective for the prevention, combating and prosecuting organized crime, through multilateral organizations like the UN, the criminal organizations by passing tax havens and new routes, leaving behind -- finally - the metaphor of the times of Al Capone: laundry, bakery corner of houses of gambling ... are things of the past.
Today, the narco-capital terms "fat" with the greatest naturalness in sessions, live and electronic, financial markets daily. After almost two decades of hegemony of the thesis of the minimum, the economic science is immersed in the search for new paths. The so-called "market fundamentalism" - that suggested the end of the story - already suggest "greater invention of the state in the lives of citizens, now emphasizing the need to combat the recession Keynesian-style, now to invest in national security.
The impasse that wins new contours in the 21st century is placed in the following way by where to draw the line between pure private sector activities and those that require public involvement through ownership or regulation is a question.
How to manage services of those holding public or private regulatory involving social externalities is another. There is little doubt that we cannot answer them. The lesson may well have been that some externalities are too big to be faced by the private sector and always require government funding through collection of taxes to provide services and infrastructure required.
The attempts to blockade the capital attributed to Al Qaeda terrorist network of Osama bin Laden, were empty. Indeed, the determination of the United States and Britain of blocking accounts of 27 entities suspected not reached the targets concerned. In Britain, where the freeze hit $ 88 million - with $ 6 million in the U.S. and another $ 6 million in other countries - this figure is a trace compared to U.S. $ 5.9 billion that moved through the bureau de change, since the time of Thatcher freely operating funds of criminal origin.
Following the logic of time zones, there are dozens of so-called "tax havens" that make up the main area of organized crime. A huge - and intense - laundry global, operating in real time and mounted on a technological device that works on the logic of masking and clear, digitally, all tracks - just a simple click and the money "dirty" becomes the "productive capital."
Clearly, tax havens connect and artificial satellites, around the three major financial centers worldwide: United States, European Union and Japan that is, the link with the Cosa Nostra mafia-type American, Italian, Russian, Chinese Triads and Yakuza is direct and immediate. The figures on the amount of resources from organized crime are disagreements, but "the Newsweek magazine estimates that the capital accumulated for each year by all the mafias of the world, is $ 3 trillion. Also in the field of the estimates, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimates that the world business of money laundering movement NTA between $ 500 billion and $ 1.5 trillion dollars per year - an amount equal to 5% of production world, more than one quarter of international trade to GDP or the UK.
Of course, this figure includes drug trafficking, other forms of organized crime, political corruption and tax evasion. There are the kinds of nonsense: "Alone, the Jersey Island focused applications with a total value of $ 600 billion.
The World Wide Web (Internet), so-called internal networks of organizations (Intranets) and others like the world is also composed to support the transactions of organized crime. the world's largest network is the washing SWIFT: In 1973, the 250 largest financial institutions in Europe and the United States created a cooperative with the name of Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications. Or just Swift.
The network covers the whole territory of the United States, Japan and Western Europe, and Latin America, including Brazil. Just order a Swift and a password to leave the money in an area offshore (Bahamas, for example) and between banks in Vienna, Frankfurt and Miami.
The SWIFT network has two features that much like criminal organizations: a) the possibility of multiple operations and in short space of time - facilitating the life of a current interest in clean money, b) the fact that the network is not monitored.
In other words, no and no monitoring system, intelligent, is able to detect suspicious transactions.
The technology worked out nicely for the interests of international organized crime. The Swift does not obey borders. It is the network that traffickers and terrorists move much of his fortune today. It is there that sell the product of political corruption.
In the late 1990s, during the meetings of the UN summit on organized crime, held in Naples (1994), Cairo (1995) and Vienna (March 2003), reports on the laundering of money exchanged by the representatives police from dozens of countries represented point to new strategies for the "purification of dirty money" adopted by the mafias and cartels, worldwide. In the new geopolitics of organized crime, the markets are on shore in new webs of washing international scheme.
The criminal organizations are adjusted to the process of economic globalization, which implies a relatively free flow of capital through systems. In other words, the dimensions and forms of organization of crime in the contemporary world have nothing to do with what existed two or three decades.
In the Middle East, terrorists and criminals still use the system known as Hawala, primitive, which is possible to transfer resources without the need to identify the owner and the destination. The confirmations of transfer are made by fax (the page is destroyed after this OK. Schemes would be well used by bin Laden and the followers of Alspalan Tuerkes, one of the leaders of the Turkish mafia, which controls the trafficking of heroin and weapons in Eastern Europe.
New Forms of Organized Crime
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